Product off Human Nourishment, Institution from Restaurants Technology and you can People Diet, Agricultural College or university regarding Athens, 75 Iera Odos St., Athens 11855, Greece; E-Mails: (O.M.); (V.B.); (A great.Z.)
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Abstract
All drinks hydrate and most also provide nutrients and energy. Our objective was to evaluate the contribution of drinks to total energy intake in summer and winter. Data were obtained using the Water Balance Questionnaire (WBQ) from a sample of the general population in Athens, Greece (n = 984), 473 individuals (42 ± 18 years) in summer and 511 individuals (38 ± 20 years) in winter stratified by sex and age. The WBQ embeds a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire of 58 foods and the Short International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Data were analyzed for the contribution of drinks to total energy intake. In winter, total energy intake was 2082 ± 892 kcal/day; energy intake from drinks was 479 ± 286 kcal/day and energy expenditure 1860 ± 390 kcal/day. In summer, total energy intake was 1890 ± 894 kcal/day, energy intake from drinks 492 ± 499 kcal/day and energy expenditure 1830 ± 491 kcal/day. Energy intake from drinks in summer was higher than in winter (p < 0.001)> Keywords: water balance questionnaire WBQ, winter, summer, hydration, sugar-sweetened drinks, drink
step 1. Introduction
Beverages on types of tea, java, milk products, juices, sodas, eating plan products, energy drinks and you will alcohol come in a huge and expanding number of options. brightwomen.net Hovednettsted Diversity suits flavor tastes, nutritional conditions, and you can lifetime demands, while a variety of beverages come, it is very likely to started to euhydration .
Beverages contribute just as much as twenty-five%–50% from intake of water [dos,step 3,4], therefore he or she is essential conference everyday liquids requires and having euhydration. Moisture could have been for the fix out-of normal bodily and you will intellectual attributes .
Yet not, it has been debated you to definitely drinks lead rather into the broadening being obese cost internationally [six,7], due to their time articles [8,9,10]. In a number of degree, Glucose Sweetened Products (SSB) application has been from the gaining weight in kids and you will people , when you’re proof you to coming down SSBs have a tendency to decrease the danger of being obese and you can associated sickness such as for example diabetes could have been viewed due to the fact compelling . Opportunity intake regarding products has grown drastically for the past forty ages by whenever 222 calories per person each and every day .
Still, beverages regarding the certain groups don’t lead similarly to times intake . The energy content of take in together with application patterns may suggest or even, i.elizabeth., certain caloric beverages could be consumed scarcely for this reason contributing hardly any so you can each day time consumption. This has been contended one substitution sweetened caloric drinks with water can help cure total energy intake when you look at the fat customers . Still, consumption of sweetened caloric products is a complex topic which can be considered beyond the caloric sum plus in this new framework away from diet habits .
Additionally, on top of that to help you dining consumption, individuals points such as seasonality, physical working out accounts and you may sex can affect the new assortment within the take in choice and you can contribution to total opportunity intake. This type of things have not been totally examined; subsequent education in this field usually clarify the present day matter-of opportunity intake regarding dieting source and out-of drinks particularly.
In a past investigation held inside Greece, with the Liquids Equilibrium Questionnaire (WBQ) tool, i discovered that inside the 984 people, 24% from water intake comes from drinks . There was an unequivocal need certainly to next elaborate within these findings, elucidating new contribution out-of products in order to overall time intake and you can harmony.