As migrant spouses’ education increases from high school to some college or above, the increase in their likelihood of hukou locality intermarriage is similar between Shanghai and Shenzhen. When migrant spouses’ education changes from high school to some college or above, their odds of hukou locality intermarriage increase by 159% and 110% in Shanghai and Shenzhen, respectively, and the difference between Shanghai and Shenzhen is not statistically significant (Shanghai: ? = 0.95, exp(?) = 2.59,p < 0.001;> 0.05). In contrast, as migrant spouses’ education changes from less than high school to high school, their odds of intermarriage increase significantly in Shenzhen (? = 0.02 + 1.81 = 1.83,p < 0.001)> 0.05), and the difference is highly significant (dif.: ? = 1.81,p < 0.001).
Which relationships is specially solid from inside the Shenzhen
Overall, plus supportive proof of an effective dyadic replace, particularly in Shenzhen, i plus select supportive evidence to possess market change, due to the fact migrants are more inclined to get married an area spouse (i.elizabeth., in order to create hukou intermarriage) since their knowledge grows. The results recommend increased likelihood of hukou locality-knowledge replace getting low-college-educated migrants in Shenzhen than in Shanghai, but an identical probability of hukou area-training replace throughout these several urban centers for college or university-experienced migrants, and therefore supporting Theory 3 that all the way down probability of hukou locality-studies change when you look at the Shanghai, compared to the Shenzhen, retains to have low-college-experienced migrants but not to own college or university-educated migrants.
Predicated on Model 5 regarding Table dos and you may Shape indiancupid naiset 2 , regional spouses’ knowledge is not on the the record-probability of hukou area intermarriage, hence relationship does not disagree among them urban centers
Up to now, you will find sensed merely intermarriage anywhere between natives and you can migrants, in the place of determining ranging from several hukou systems. Inside our test, residents try mainly urban hukou holders whereas migrants generally keep rural hukou in both towns and cities. Particularly, inside the Shanghai, in the 85% out-of neighbors however, only about 20% out-of migrants have metropolitan hukou. When you look at the Shenzhen, most of the locals keep metropolitan hukou, but only about thirty-five% regarding migrants was metropolitan hukou people. The latest medical differences out-of hukou particular between residents and you will migrants implies a chances of hukou type of exchange within inter-hukou-area ine if or not hukou method of influences the results.
Basic, i see this new shipment from hukou variety of certainly intermarriages away from hukou area. Because shown inside Contour A1, more than 1 / 2 of the new lovers in which a couple of partners disagree in the hukou locality mode homogamy regarding hukou sorts of. This will be in keeping with early in the day results that every Chinese e hukou form of (Li & Lu, 2008; Wang & The guy, 2014). A gender asymmetric development of hukou interong lovers connected with a great migrant partner and you can a district spouse, merely 11% try outlying-husband-urban-spouse people whereas 86% was metropolitan-husband-urban-wife lovers. Alternatively, certainly one of partners where the spouse was a beneficial Shanghai local citizen and spouse is a good migrant, 45% is metropolitan-husband-rural-partner couples. Put differently, when female which have Shanghai hukou marry migrants, they tend in order to wed urban migrants, while dudes having Shanghai hukou who wed migrant feminine usually marry rural migrants. In Shenzhen, that it gender pattern is actually smaller noticable: 26% off migrant-husband-local-partner lovers have a metropolitan partner and a rural spouse, whereas several% off local-husband-migrant-spouse partners encompass a metropolitan husband and you will a rural spouse. These types of findings suggest that in Shanghai relationship sector, each other hukou locality and you will hukou variety of build intermarriage patterns, but in Shenzhen hukou sorts of appears quicker crucial. It then supports the results on the hukou hindrance getting more powerful in the Shanghai compared to Shenzhen.
Second, we did a sensitivity analysis by excluding couples in which two spouses differ in both hukou locality and hukou type. In this way, intermarriages that cross hukou locality do not include any couples that might also engage in status exchange in terms of hukou type. The results (available upon request) are substantively the same. Hukou locality homogamy remains more pronounced in Shanghai than in Shenzhen (? Shenzhen*hukou homogamy =?0.42, p < 0.001).>shenzhen*(migrants: high school vs. less than high school) 1.11, p < 0.1).>